Unit+VIII

=The Civil Rights Movement=

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 * A roast turkey dinner was only 65 cents!
 * Maybe the black people had to sit at the counters while the whites had the tables?
 * Black cook and white waitress. Maybe the blacks weren't allowed to be waitresses?
 * Main Idea: Black students were politely seated at a white counter to get food. If served, they moved to a different counter. If they acted out or if the whites did not want to serve the blacks, the blacks could be beaten or arrested and would be replaced by other blacks. Sit-in: Protesting the segregation. Civil disobedience.

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 * Segregation was enforced by law. MLK Jr. fought against this. Jim Crow Laws -> Segregation
 * Rosa Parks was arrested because she sat in the front of a bus and did not give up her seat to a white person.
 * Freedom Riders were riding buses to protest the bus laws. Freedom Riders were both white and black protestors. They rode all around to get their point across. There were riots and in one case someone threw a fire bomb onto the bus.
 * The March on Washington - protest for equal rights (Jobs, voting and other rights, school integration).

**C. Key Questions for our brief look at the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 60s (use info and links below for help):**

 * 1) ===‍What is a civil rights movement? It is a movement aimed to outlaw segregation and discrimination.===
 * 2) ===What were the main goals of the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 60s in America? To allow blacks to vote, to desegregate public places such as schools, and for the government to generally treat blacks and whites as equals.===
 * 3) ===Who was Martin Luther King Jr. and what did he believe in? He was a leader of the Montgomery Bus Boycott. He believed everyone should be treated equally no matter what color their skin is. He believed blacks could use civil disobedience. He gave the "I have a dream..." speech.===
 * 4) ===What were the key events of the Civil Rights Movement? The Montgomery Bus Boycott, Birmingham and the March on Washington, Selma to Montgomery March, and the rise of black nationalism.===
 * 5) ===What strategies were used to accomplish the goals of the Civil Rights Movement? Civil disobedience (i.e. sit-ins), violence, boycotts, speeches, and protests.===
 * 6) ===What accomplishments were made? Black candidates were elected to political offices and southern colleges/universities accepted black students. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 was adopted which allowed blacks to vote.===

Montgomery Bus Boycott 1955

 * Police who talked to Rosa Parks didn't even know why blacks were ordered to get up for whites, he was just following the law
 * 2/3 of blacks used to ride buses, during the boycott almost no blacks rode the buses
 * Violence - bombs at the homes of black boycott leaders, shots fired at bus stops
 * Boycotts mostly walked but did organize carpools
 * Supreme Court ordered segregation in bus systems was unconstitutional

Little Rock, Arkansas 1957

 * Segregation in schools in the south, even after Supreme Court ruled against it three years earlier
 * 9 black teenagers attending normally white high school called Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas
 * Faubus decided to resist integration
 * National Guard were at the school to only admit the white students
 * 8 of the 9 students were turned away by the National Guard
 * 1 student missed the call to come together, so she came alone and faced a mob. She was guided by a woman to the bus to get her home safely
 * The 9 students later got into the school. The National Guard was removed from the high school so there were not as many authoritative figures to control the mob.
 * Eisenhower brought in troops to control the mob and each black student was assigned a soldier to walk them to each class
 * Green graduated as the only black student in his class of 602 students.